Nursing Diagnoses in Clients With Hepatitis

Nursing Diagnoses of Hepatitis

Some nursing issues that may arise in patients with hepatitis:

1. Changes in nutrition less than body requirements related to, feelings of discomfortin the upper right quadrant, impaired absorption and metabolism of food digestion, failure to meet the metabolic needs input because of anorexia, nausea andvomiting.
2. Impaired sense of comfort (pain) are associated with swelling of the liver isinflamed liver and portal vein dam.
3. Hyper terminals associated with invasive agent in the blood circulation secondary to hepatic inflammation
4. Fatigue associated with chronic inflammatory process secondary to hepatitis
5. High risk of skin integrity and tissue damage associated with pruritus secondary to the accumulation of the pigment bilirubin in the bile salt
6. High risk of transmission of infection related to the nature of the infectious viralagent

Nursing Diagnoses in Clients With High Blood Pressure

Nursing Diagnoses of High Blood Pressure

1. High risk of decreased cardiac output associated with an increased afterload, vasoconstriction, myocardial ischemia, ventricular hypertrophy.
2. Activity intolerance related to general weakness, imbalance between O2 supply and demand.
3. Impaired sense of comfort: pain (headache) is associated with increased cerebral vascular pressure.
4. Potential changes in tissue perfusion: cerebral, renal, cardiac disorders associated with circulation.

Nursing Diagnoses in Clients With Fraktur Femur

Nursing Diagnoses of Fraktur Femur

Based on the analysis of data by Marilyn E. Doengoes (2000), Brunner and Suddarth (2001) defined nursing diagnoses as follows:

Preoperatif :

1. High risk of trauma associated with loss of integrity of bone (fracture)
2. Pain (acute) are associated with muscle spasms / movement of bone fragments, edema and injury to soft tissue, traction equipment / mobilization, strees, anxiety.
3. High risk for peripheral neurovascular dysfunction associated with a reduction / interruption of blood flow. Direct vascular injury, edema, excessive / thrombus formation, hypovolemia
4. High risk of infection associated with inadequate defense was the primary damage to the skin, tissue trauma, exposure to the environment, invasive procedures, spinal traction
5. Damage to health care associated with loss of independence.
6. Body image disturbance, self-esteem or performance-related roles impact muskuloskletal problem.

Postoperatif :

1. Pain (acute) are associated with muscle spasms / movement of bone fragments, edema and injury to soft tissue, traction equipment / mobilization, strees, anxiety.
2. High risk for peripheral neurovascular dysfunction associated with a reduction / interruption of blood flow. Direct vascular injury, edema, excessive / thrombus formation, hypovolemia
3. High risk of infection associated with inadequate defense was the primary damage to the skin, tissue trauma, exposure to the environment, invasive procedures, spinal traction
4.  Damage to health care associated with loss of independence.
5. Body image disturbance, self-esteem or performance-related roles impact muskuloskletal problem.
6. High risk of damage to gas exchange associated with the exchange flow, blood / fat embolism, changes in membrane alveoli / capillary intenstisial, pulmonary edema, congestion.
7. Damage to physical mobility related to neuromuscular damage order: pain / discomfort: restrictive therapy (mobilization leg)
8. High risk to damage the integrity of the skin / body tissue puncture injuries, open fractures: surgical repair, installation of traction pen / wire, screw, change in sensation, circulation, accumulation of excretions / secretions, physically immobilizing
9. Lack of knowledge (learning needs) about the condition, prognosis, and treatment needs associated with less exposure, incorrect interpretation of information / do not know the source of information

Nursing Diagnoses in Clients With Diabetes Mellitus

Nursing Diagnoses of  Diabetes Mellitus

Nursing diagnosis based on analysis of data according to Doengoes (2000), Tueker (1998), Hotma Rumahorbo (1999), and Linda juall (1999). Nursing diagnoses found as follows:

1. Lack of fluid volume under osmotic deuresis (hypoglycemia), loss of gastric excess: diarrhea, vomiting, limited input, nausea, mental mess.
2. Changes in nutrition less than body requirements based on insufficient insulin; decreased retrieval, and reduction of glucose by the tissues resulting in increased metabolism of protein / fat; decreased oral input; anorexia; nausea, vomiting; stomach is full; abdominal pain; changes in consciousness setatus hyper metabolism; the release of stress hormones , eg: epineprim, cortisol and growth hormone, inpeksius process.
3. High risk of disease: based on high glucose, decreased leukocyte function, circulation changes, pre-existing respiratory infection or UTI.
4. High risk of injury: decreased tactile sensation, decreased visual acuity and episodes of hypoglycemia.
5. Fatigue: a decrease in metabolic energy production, insulin insufficiency, the increase in energy demand hyper metabolic status.
6. Lack of knowledge about the disease, prognosis and treatment needs: lack of exposure / recall, information and interpretation errors are not familiar information
7. Helplessness: the risk of diabetic complications (retinopathy, netropati kidney failure, neuropathy, and vascular disease) and dependence on others.
8. The risk of ineffective management of therapeutic regimen: insufficiency of knowledge about diabetes, blood glucose self-monitoring, medication hypoglycemia, the risk of complications.
9. Fear of (individual, family), the potential complications of diabetes, insulin injections and negative effects on lifestyles.
10. Ineffective coping (client, family) chronic illness, rather than self-care complex and indeterminate future.
11. High risk of disobedience: chronic complications and therapeutic programs.
12. High risk of changes in sexual dysfunction: genitourinary problems of physical and psychological complexes.

Nursing Diagnoses in Clients With Chronic Kidney Desease

Nursing Diagnoses of Chronic Kidney Desease
According to Brunner and Suddarth (2002) and Marilin E, Doenges (2002) are as follows:

1. Excess fluid volume associated with decreased urine output, excessive dietary sodium and fluid retention as well.
2. Changes in nutrition less than body requirements related to anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diet restriction and changes in oral mucous membranes.
3. Lack of knowledge about the condition and treatment programs associated with less information.
4. Activity intolerance related to fatigue, anemia, retention of waste products and dialysis procedures.
5. Impaired self-esteem associated with changes in the role of dependence
6. High risk for decreased cardiac output associated with fluid imbalance affects circulating volume, myocardial work and systemic vascular resistance, frequency interference, rhythm, cardiac conduction, electrolyte imbalance, hypoxia), accumulation of toxins (urea) classification of soft tissue.
7. High risk of injury associated with suppression of production / secretion eritropoitin / decrease in production and human life clotting factor disorders increased capillary fragility.
8. Thought process changes associated with physiological changes, accumulation of toxins metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic classification in the brain.
9. High risk to damage the integrity of biscuits associated with impaired metabolic status, anemia with ischemic tissue circulation and sensation (peripheral neuropathy), disorders of the skin turgor injuries / dehydration) decrease the activity / metabolized accumulated toxins in the skin.
10. High risk of oral mucous membrane changes associated with less / decrease in saliva, fluid restriction, chemical irritants, changes in salivary urea into ammonia.

Nursing Diagnoses in Clients With DHF

Nursing diagnoses that appear on the client with DHF according to Hidayat (2006) and S. Efendi Cristiantie Kp:

1. Hyperthermia associated with viral infection
2.  Lack of fluid volume associated with increased capillary permeability, bleeding, easy and fever
3. The risk of complications (hypovolemic shock or hemorrhage)
4. Changes in nutrition less than body requirements related to nausea, vomiting, no appetite
5. Changes in family process related to the child's condition
6. Lack of knowledge on the parents about the disease process
7.  Impaired sense of comfort pain associated with disease processes
8. Mild to moderate anxiety associated with the patient's condition deteriorates
9.  Individual which is not an effective coping associated with hospital care
10. Disruption in everyday activities associated with a weak body condition
11. Potential further bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia